Department of Pathophysiology

The laboratory was managed by:

from 1965 to 1969 Dubych Stanislav Yakovlevich, Candidate of Medical Sciences
from 1969 to 1976 Kolpakov Anatoliy Antonovych, Doctor of Medical Sciences
from 1976 to 1989 Kozhukhar Mykola Petrovich, Candidate of Biological Sciences
from 1989 to 1999 Kruglikov Igor Timofeevich, Candidate of Biological Sciences
from 1999 to 2017 Rudenko Anatoliy Ivanovych, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Research Fellow

Currently, the laboratory is part of the research sector of the State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”

 

Main directions of scientific and practical activity:

  • Study of the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases of the digestive system, based on the creation of adequate models of diseases, pathological processes and reactions; development of private and general concepts and theoretical foundations of specific forms of pathology of the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Study of motor-secretory activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract, regulating neurohumoral mechanisms and their role in the occurrence of pre-pathological and pathological conditions of the body in terms of cortico-visceral relationships.
  • Optimization of registration and processing of electrophysiological indicators of activity of separate bodies and systems in experimental conditions

In the course of scientific research a method of modeling persistent gastroduodenal ulcers, a method for determining pepsin of gastric juice, factors protecting the gastric mucosa from damaging influences, a method for determining the state of nervous regulation of gastric secretion. The scheme of individual research of secretory function of a stomach is offered. As a result of complex researches the estimation of expediency of use in gastroenterological practice of preparations of bile and polyhydric alcohols is given.

The role of NO in the regulation of motor-secretory function of the stomach and duodenum in intact animals and in the modeling of various diseases of the digestive system has been studied. It is established that the imbalance of the nitroergic system has a different effect on the periodic activity of the secretory glands of the stomach and motor activity of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It was found that in the early stages of modeling duodenogastric reflux of bile in small concentrations shows a protective adaptive-trophic function and promotes cell renewal. While prolonged exposure to bile acids, regardless of their concentrations, can lead to significant degenerative changes in the central nervous system, contribute to the onset of pylorization of the fundus and atrophy of the gastric glands of the stomach.

The staff is working to study the motor-kinetic function of the sphincter apparatus in pathology of the esophagogastroduodenal zone (measurement of sphincter tone) using manometry and analysis of the obtained and distant results, combined with biochemical study of gastric contents. The adaptation of digital manometry technique was carried out, the most acceptable approaches were evaluated. It is concluded that in studies of the motor-kinetic function of the sphincter apparatus in pathology of the esophagogastroduodenal zone, it is advisable to use balloon methods in relation to single-channel water perfusion.

One of the areas in which the staff of the pathophysiology department is involved is to establish the features of the formation and progression of steatosis and fibrosis combined with chronic diffuse liver disease depending on etiological factors. Studies of the central and peripheral structures responsible for the periodic activity of the gastrointestinal tract in the simulation of chronic diffuse liver disease in small laboratory animals. In an experiment on small laboratory animals, a method for modeling fructose-induced steatosis of the liver in the experiment was developed (Ukrainian patent № 135184).

During the period of functioning of the subdivision 3 doctoral dissertations, 16 candidate dissertations, 27 author’s certificates were defended, 4 methodical recommendations were issued.

In 2016, a patent was obtained for the utility model “Method of modeling alcoholic steatohepatosis” and “Method of modeling liver cirrhosis”.

In the process of cooperation with employees of the Dnieper National University. A. Gonchar and the Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, received patents for: “Minimally invasive screening method for registration of transmucosal potential difference for rapid assessment of the upper digestive tract of snakes” (Ukrainian patent № 134897); “Intragastric elastic clay Zn-ZnSO4 electrode” (Ukrainian patent № 125677).

To work with other scientific institutions, the pathophysiology department may offer the following research methods:

  • physiological: electrogastrography, electroduodenography, electrojeunography; electroencephalography, electrocardiography, rheohepatography; study of transmucosal difference in the potential of the digestive tract, study of behavioral reactions of small laboratory animals, determination of the tone of anatomical narrowings of the digestive tract.
  • pathophysiological: modeling of gastrointestinal diseases, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, hepatitis, cholecystitis, colitis
  • biochemical: determination of pepsin, glycosaminoglycans, fucose, hexose, sialic acid, total protein, glycoproteins, bile acids in gastric juice, saliva

 

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